In 2024, the Ministry of Construction introduced changes to the standard for inspection and monitoring of technical condition (GOST).
Let's figure it out
GOST 31937 is a standard that defines the rules for the inspection and monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures. It is the regulatory framework for:
- control of the technical condition of buildings and structures, their engineering support systems;
- implementation of design works on reconstruction, major repairs and dismantling of buildings and structures.
The standard also establishes requirements for works and their composition to obtain information necessary to assess the technical condition of buildings and engineering support systems.
This standard is important for ensuring the safety and reliability of buildings and structures, extending their service life and reducing operating costs. It also helps to increase the level of professionalism in the field of construction and building inspection, providing uniform quality standards and methodologies.
In the second quarter of 2024, the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation introduced an updated version of the standard. This is logical – progress, work production technologies and approach methods have been developing and have gone far since 2011. It was then that the previous version of the standard was released.
We decided to figure out what changes have affected an important and integral area of the construction industry.
The history of state standards and why they are needed
The value of GOST standards:
GOST (State Standard) is a system of national standards applied in the Russian Federation and some other countries of the former USSR. GOST standards cover a wide range of areas, including industrial production, construction, agriculture, information technology, security and much more. They set requirements for quality, safety, compatibility and other characteristics of products and services.
GOST standards play an important role in ensuring the quality and safety of products, increasing the competitiveness of domestic goods, protecting the interests of consumers and the environment. They also contribute to the simplification of trade relations and integration into the international system of standards.
The history of the appearance of GOST standards in Russia:
1925 — the creation of the first standards: In the Soviet Union, the need for standardization arose due to industrialization and the need to unify products and processes. In 1925, the first state body for standardization was established — the Committee of Standards under the USSR Council of Labor and Defense.
The 1940s — 1950s – the development of the system: During this period there was an active development of the standardization system. In 1940, the law on state standardization was adopted, which established the mandatory application of standards. In 1941, the All-Union Organization for Standardization (VSO) was established, later renamed the USSR State Standard.
1968 — the appearance of the GOST system: In 1968, the Unified System of State Standards (GOST) was created, which combined all previously existing standards into a single system. This has made it possible to improve product quality, increase safety and simplify trade within the country and with foreign partners.
1991 — transition period: After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the GOST system continued to function in the newly independent states. Rosstandart (Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology) was established in the Russian Federation, which continued the development and updating of state standards.
Current status: Currently, the GOST system continues to develop. Many standards have been revised and updated, and new standards are being developed that take into account modern requirements and technologies. GOST standards are applied on a voluntary basis, but they remain mandatory for some types of products and services.
How did GOST for inspection and monitoring of technical condition appear
The historical chain of GOST 31937-2024:
Soviet period: In the USSR, standardization of building materials and technologies was an important part of the planned economy. The first building codes (SNiP) began to be developed in the 1920s and 30s. In the 1950s and 60s, state standards were actively created covering various aspects of construction and design of buildings and structures.
1980-90 – The development of GOST standards: During this period, the systematization and updating of building standards began. GOST standards concerning methods of inspection and assessment of the technical condition of buildings have appeared.
1995 — GOST 31937-95: One of the first standards directly related to the inspection of buildings and structures was adopted in 1995. This standard contained requirements for methods of inspection and assessment of the condition of structures.
2000s — Updating and updating: Due to the development of technology and the accumulation of experience, the standards were periodically revised and updated. GOST 31937-2002 replaced the previous version by introducing more modern methods and approaches.
2011 — GOST 31937-2011: In 2011, a new version of the standard was adopted, which took into account changes in building codes and regulations, as well as new inspection and diagnostic technologies.
2024 — GOST 31937-2024: The latest version of the standard, GOST 31937-2024, continues the tradition of updating and includes the latest achievements in the field of building and structure inspection technologies. This standard reflects modern requirements for the safety, energy efficiency and durability of buildings, and also includes new techniques and tools for monitoring their condition.
The main aspects of GOST 31937-2024:
Examination methods:
- The use of non-destructive diagnostic methods such as ultrasound and radio wave diagnostics.
- Application of instrumental control and monitoring methods, including sensors and real-time monitoring systems.
Criteria for assessing the condition:
- Determination of the bearing capacity of structures, the degree of wear and damage.
- Assessment of compliance with modern safety and energy efficiency requirements
Documentation and reporting:
- Requirements for registration of survey results, preparation of reports and recommendations on repair and reinforcement of structures.
The main differences between GOST 31937-2024 and GOST 31937-2011
GOST 31937-2024 “Buildings and structures. The rules of inspection and monitoring of technical condition” differs from GOST 31937-2011 in several key aspects, covering the expansion of the scope of application, new categories of inspection, clarification of requirements and procedures, as well as the introduction of monitoring of unique structures.
The main differences between GOST 31937-2024 and GOST 31937-2011 include several important changes:
Expanding the scope of application:
GOST 31937-2024 includes new rules and expanded requirements for the inspection and monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures. This includes a comprehensive inspection, energy inspection, monitoring of load-bearing structures, and general monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures.
GOST includes new and expanded requirements for the inspection and monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures. This includes:
- Comprehensive survey: Takes into account all aspects of a building or structure.
- Energy Survey: Aimed at assessing energy efficiency.
- Monitoring of load-bearing structures: Carried out to ensure the safety of operation.
- General monitoring of technical condition: Includes regular monitoring and recording of changes in technical condition.
GOST applies to demolition work, determination of load-bearing capacity, certain types of monitoring, for unfinished objects (to put them into operation), when the purpose of the building changes, when the object falls into the zone of influence of new construction, for the development of a project for major repairs or reconstruction, etc.
New rules have been established for objects under construction. To obtain an opinion on the possibility of continuing construction work, it is necessary to examine the bearing capacity of the building structures and the soils on which construction is being carried out.
New survey categories:
The new standard adds new categories of surveys, such as inspection of unfinished construction sites, inspection of engineering support systems, as well as monitoring of buildings that fall within the zone of influence of construction and natural and man-made impacts. The new standard adds the following categories of surveys:
- Inspection of unfinished construction sites: Evaluates the condition of facilities at various stages of construction, but not completed.
- Inspection of engineering support systems: Assesses the condition of the building’s engineering systems.
- Monitoring of buildings in the zone of influence of construction: It includes buildings located near new construction sites, as well as those that are subject to natural and man-made impacts.
Clarification of requirements and procedures:
Stricter and more detailed requirements have been introduced for the survey process, including methods for obtaining information to assess the technical condition of buildings and engineering systems, as well as procedures for developing reconstruction or major repair projects. GOST 31937-2024 establishes stricter and more detailed requirements for the examination process, including:
- Methods of obtaining information: Methods and approaches to data collection for assessing the technical condition of buildings and engineering systems have been clarified.
- Project development procedures: Requirements have been established for the development of reconstruction or overhaul projects to ensure the safety and efficiency of work.
The point about the need to establish a preliminary stage of the inspection of the obsolescence of the object has been removed.
An explanation has been made to the paragraph concerning the work program for the technical inspection. Now it needs to be developed if necessary.
Information has been added on the tolerance for the use of the photogrammetric method and the 3D laser scanning method in the framework of a visual (preliminary) examination — to assess deformations of load-bearing and enclosing structures.
The requirements for the study of fire-resistant coatings of building structures have been updated.
Standard terms of the examination. The first inspection of the technical condition is recommended to be carried out no later than two years from the date of commissioning of the structure or building.
Technical inspection. Three stages are provided for the work: preparation for research, visual (preliminary) examination and instrumental control or detailed technical examination.
Inspection of building structures. The rules of expert studies of load-bearing structures have been changed during their reconstruction, which have changed their original stress-strain state of structural elements and other structures.
Monitoring of the technical condition. In accordance with the requirements of the new standard, monitoring of the technical condition of facilities and engineering support systems functioning in them, buildings in limited working condition, large-span, high-rise and unique buildings should be carried out.
Monitoring of unique structures:
The new GOST now includes requirements for monitoring unique and tall buildings, as well as large-span structures to monitor the condition of their load-bearing structures. The new standard includes requirements for monitoring unique and tall buildings, as well as large-span structures, for:
- Monitoring the condition of load-bearing structures: Includes specialized methods for unique structures.
- Safety requirements: Specific requirements for tall and complex buildings and structures.
Details:
- Comprehensive inspection: This includes a survey of all building elements, including the foundation, walls, ceilings, roof and engineering systems. It is aimed at identifying defects and damages, assessing their impact on the operational condition of the building and developing recommendations for the elimination of identified defects.
- Energy survey: This is a new aspect that focuses on evaluating the energy efficiency of buildings and structures. It includes an analysis of the thermal characteristics of enclosing structures, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
- Information acquisition methods and project development procedures: New requirements and methods include the use of modern technologies and equipment to obtain more accurate data. The procedures include the development of detailed reconstruction or overhaul projects that take into account identified defects and recommendations for their elimination.
Results
Changes in GOST 31937-2024 are aimed at improving the quality of surveys and monitoring of buildings and structures, increasing their safety and durability. Stricter requirements and new inspection categories provide a comprehensive approach to assessing the technical condition and developing effective solutions for their operation and repair.
GOST, as before, does not establish design rules and does not apply to transport, hydraulic engineering and reclamation structures, main pipelines, underground structures and facilities where mining and underground work is carried out, as well as work related to forensic construction expertise.
EUCLID provides comprehensive solutions for the preparation for reconstruction, repair, modernization of existing and implementation of new projects. Our team is ready to take on tasks within the framework of design and investment activities in construction:
- Pre-design study and analysis;
- Engineering surveys and design;
- Technical and financial support for the implementation of projects;
- Checking of finished objects and completed stages of work;
- Construction inspection of buildings, structures and engineering systems;
- Technical expertise and audit.
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